GENETICS

The genetics

Overview

From the gene to the feature ...

The biological part of genetics deals, besides the transfer of genes, naturally also with the expression of characteristics. Gregor Mendel especially excelled in the mid-19th century with his hereditary teachings. Mendel initially experimented with peas, which he crossed in countless experiments and evaluated statistically. From these experiments he concluded on, still valid, heredity rules. This part of classical genetics was later supplemented by molecular genetics, which deals with gene expression and explains the expression of the phenotype by protein biosynthesis (transcription & translation). Nowadays, applied genetics has become an indispensable area of ​​science because it is the basis for gene therapy, pedigree analysis or paternity testing.

Genetics

Genetic material:

 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
 RNA (ribonucleic acid)
 Replication

Protein biosynthesis:

 Transcription
 Translation

Mutation:

 Gene mutation
     Point mutation
     Grid mutation
 Chromosome mutation
 Genommutation / chromosome aberration
     Aneuploidy
     Polyploidy

Gene regulation (prokaryotes):

 Operonmodell
     Gene regulation by substrate induction
     Gene regulation by end product repression

Cytogenetics:

 Mitosis
 Meiosis
     Oogenesis
     Spermatogenesis

Classic genetics:

 The Mendelian rules
     1. Mendel's rule (uniformity rule)
     2. Mendel's rule (fission rule)
     3. Mendel's rule (independence rule)
 Intermediate inheritance
 Pedigree analysis

Applied genetics:

 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
 Gel electrophoresis

Excursus in epigenetics:

 Epigenetics
 Histone