EVOLUTION

Overview

From Lamarck to Darwin ...

When Charles Darwin published his book "The Origin of Species" in 1859, it was not clear what wave of indignation, but also of scientific progress, had begun. But what is evolution? Evolution explains the change in characteristics of a population over generations through selection. Gregor Mendel, in particular, has an important role to play in his hereditary teachings of 1865. He explained with Mendel's rules how characteristics are passed on from generation to generation. With the findings of Oswald Avery in 1944, who first identified the DNA as a genome and their structural decryption by the scientists James Watson and Francis Crick, one speaks today of the synthetic theory of evolution, which combines all knowledge from different research areas together.

1 Evolution

History of the theory of evolution:

Creationism

 Systema Naturae: Carl von Linné
 Catastrophic theory: Georges Cuvier
 Lamarckism: Jean Baptiste Lamarck
 Timing Principle: Charles Lyell
 Classic genetics: Gregor Mendel
 Agnosticism: Thomas Henry Huxley
 Natural Selection: Alfred Russel Wallace
 Evolutionary Theory: Charles Darwin
 Recapitulation Theory: Ernst Haeckel
 Synthetic theory of evolution
 Neo-Darwinism: Richard Dawkins

Evidence for evolution:

 Homology, analogy, convergence
 Paleontology
 Embryology
 Rudiments and atavisms
 Molecular Biology
 Bridge Animals
 Living fossils

Selection factors:

 Abiotic selection factors
 Biotic selection factors

Origin of species:

 Adaptive radiation
 Isolation mechanisms
 Sympathetic speciation
 Allopatric speciation
 Transformation of species

Evolution factors:

 Genetic drift
 Mutation
 Recombination
 Selection

Evolution of human beings:

 Phylogeny
    Australopithecus
    Homo rudolfensis
    Homo habilis
    Homo ergaster
    Homo erectus
    Homo floresiensis
    Homo heidelbergensis
    Homo neanderthalensis
    Homo sapiens

Human history:

 Stone age
 Old Stone Age
 Neolithic
 Bronze age
 Iron age

Earth's history:

Archean
 Proterozoic
 Cambrian
 Ordovician
 Silurian
 Devonian
 Carbon
 Permian
 Triassic
 Jurassic
 Cretaceous
 Tertiary
 Quaternary
     Pleistocene
     Holocene

Excursus: The solar system

 Sun
 Mercury
 Venus
 Earth
 Mars
 Jupiter
 Saturn
 Uranus
 Neptune
 Pluto